Changing Values and Norms of the British Family
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Changing Values and
Norms of the British Family
The family in Britain is changing. The once typical British family headed by two parents has undergone substantial changes during the twentieth century. In particular there has been a rise in the number of single-person households, which increased from 18 to 29 per cent of all households between 1971 and 2002. By the year 2020, it is estimated that there will be more single people than married people. Fifty years ago this would have been socially unacceptable in Britain. In the past, people got married and stayed married. Divorce was very difficult, expensive and took a long time. Today, people's views on marriage are changing. Many couples, mostly in their twenties or thirties, live together (cohabit) without getting married. Only about 60% of these couples will eventually get married. In the past, people married before they had children, but now about 40% of children in Britain are born to unmarried (cohabiting) parents. In 2000, around a quarter of unmarried people between the ages of 16 and 59 were cohabiting in Great Britain. Cohabiting couples are also starting families without first being married. Before 1960 this was very unusual, but in 2001 around 23 per cent of births in the UK were to cohabiting couples. People are generally getting married at a later age now and many women do not want to have children immediately. They prefer to concentrate on their jobs and put off having a baby until late thirties. The number of single-parent families is increasing. This is mainly due to more marriages ending in divorce, but some women are also choosing to have children as lone parents without being married. |
Β In general the latest independent research commissioned with leading psychologist DrΒ Chris Steele concludes that there is no such thing as a singular typical British family unit, but that "typical" families fall into one of five categories namely: The Techies, The Easys, The Fit and Fun Lovers, The Selfers and The Good Intenders.
Β Β The "Techies". Leading the way with their technology-focused lives the children have mobiles phones, and consider text messaging a way of life. Their parents have "satellite navigation" in-car systems, with internet access and digital cameras being family necessities.Β
Β Β The "Easys" . The Easys spend most of their leisure time in front of the television.Β They work hard and as a result prefer takeaways for convenienceΒ and like to combine it which having a drink - 75% of this category regularly drink more than 30 units a week.
Β The "Fit and Fun Lovers". The Fit and Fun Lovers are much more health conscious, exercising regularly and eating a healthy diet. They have calculared that by hidhing the remote control, they will walk an exetra 3 miles each year. They avoid lifts, takeaways and alcohol and never enjoy a lie in.
Β Β The "Selfers". The Selfers are wrapped up in their own lives. Appearance is everything, whether it's designer labels expencive cars or topped up tans. Fresh food is what they want to eat, not because it tastes better but because it makes them look better and of course it's reassuringly expensive. Their technology Choices are financially based, buying expensive, good looking gadgets that reflect well on the family, especially when they are on one of theit two annual holidays.
Β Β The "Good Intenders". The Good Intenders have more children than any other group. They have opted for a non-urban life, with organic food featuring heavily. They are under constant pressure from their children to adopt a more trendy, city life. They know that one day they will loose their children to the city, but also hope that they will make the choice to return one day.
Β Β On average 2.4 people live as a family in one home Britain. This is smaller than most other European countries.
ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ
ΠΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΒ
ΠΈΒ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌ Π±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΈΒ
Π‘Π΅ΠΌΡΡ Π² ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ.Β ΠΠΎΠ³Π΄Π°-ΡΠΎ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»Π°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
Π΄Π²ΡΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Π»Π° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π²Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°.Β Π
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ
Ρ 18 Π΄ΠΎ 29 ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²
Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ 1971 ΠΈ 2002 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ
.Β Π 2020 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ,
ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ, Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ
Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ,
ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΡΠ΅ Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΈ.Β ΠΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΡ Π»Π΅Ρ Π½Π°Π·Π°Π΄
ΡΡΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π±Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΌΡΠΌ Π²
ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ.Β
Π ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌ, Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ
Π·Π°ΠΌΡΠΆ.Β Π Π°Π·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ, Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΌ
ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎ.Β Π‘Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ Π²Π·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄Ρ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π° Π±ΡΠ°ΠΊ
ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ.Β ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡ, Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΈΡ
Π΄Π²Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ
ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ
Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡΡ
Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ (ΡΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ), Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΠΌΡΠΆ.Β ΠΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 60% ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°Ρ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ
ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΉΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΌΡΠΆ.Β
Π ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌ, Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ
ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, Π½ΠΎ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ
40% Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Ρ
Π½Π΅Π·Π°ΠΌΡΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ
(ΡΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°) ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ.Β Π
2000 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡ
Π² Π±ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ΅
Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡ 16 ΠΈ 59 Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ
Π² ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ.Β
ΠΡΠ΄ΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ
Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅, ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π½Π΅ Ρ
ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ.Β ΠΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ
Π½Π° ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°
Π΄ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ° ΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ
Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ².Β
Π§ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ.Β ΠΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ
Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π±ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²
Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ, Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅
ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅
ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ, Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΌΡΠΆΠ΅ΠΌ.Β
Β Β Π ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ,
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ Π΄-Ρ
ΠΡΠΈΡ Π‘ΡΠΈΠ» Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π°Ρ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ
Π±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅, Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ "ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅"
ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ,
Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ: Π’Π΅Ρ
Π½Π°ΡΠΈ, Easys, FitΒ Fun ΠΈ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ,
ΠΈ Selfers Π₯ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ Intenders.Β
Β Β Β "Π’Π΅Ρ
Π½Π°ΡΠΈ".Β ΠΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ
ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π· ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ.ΠΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ "ΡΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Π½Π°Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠΈΡ"
Π² Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅Ρ
ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ
Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ.Β
Β Β Β "Easys".Β Easys ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ.Β ΠΠ½ΠΈ
ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ
Π΅Π΄Ρ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡ
ΡΡΠΎ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠ° - 75% ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ
ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 30 Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ Π² Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ.Β
Β Β "Fit ΠΈ Fun Lovers".Β Fit ΠΈ ΠΠ°Π±Π°Π²Π° ΠΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π΄ΠΎ
Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π· ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ, ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅
ΡΠΏΡΠ°ΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π΅Π΄ΡΡ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ.Β ΠΠ½ΠΈ calculared ΡΡΠΎ hidhing ΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ exetra 3 ΠΌΠΈΠ»ΠΈ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ Π³ΠΎΠ΄.Β ΠΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅Π³Π°ΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ², Π²ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ
ΠΈ Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Ρ, ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ
Π»ΠΎΠΆΡΡ Π΄ΡΠΉΠΌΠ°Β
Β Β Β "Selfers".Β Selfers ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ
ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ.Β ΠΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅, Π±ΡΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΌ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡ
Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ°Π΅Ρ.Β Π‘Π²Π΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°, ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Ρ
ΠΎΡΡΡ,
ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΅ΡΡΡ, Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ
Π½Π° Π²ΠΊΡΡ Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅, Π½ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΈΠΌ Π²ΡΠ³Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅, ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π°, ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅
Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΅.Β ΠΡ
Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅
Π³Π°Π΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΈ,
ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ
ΠΈΠ· theit Π΄Π²ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ².Β
Β Β Β "Π₯ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ Intenders".Β Π₯ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ Intenders ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π»ΡΠ±Π°Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³Π°Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°.Β ΠΠ½ΠΈ
ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Π»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·Ρ Π½Π΅-ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ Π² Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ
,
Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎ.Β ΠΠ½ΠΈ
Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎ
ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π·Π°Π½ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ, Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ.Β ΠΠ½ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ
Π² ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅, Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅Π΅ΠΌΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ
ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡΡ
Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ.Β
Β Β Β Π ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ 2,4 Π»ΡΠ΄ΡΠΌ ΠΆΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ.Β ΠΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅,
ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½.

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