ЗАО «Мир» заключило договор на продажу продукции с американской компанией на сумму 20 000 долл. США. Выручка поступила на валютный счет ЗАО «Мир»в марте текущего года.Сумма комиссии банка -200 долл. США. Предположим,что курс доллара США на дату списания комиссии составил 35,6 руб./USD. Бухгалтер ЗАО «Мир»не отразил на счетах бухгалтерского учета данную операцию. Необходимо сформировать бухгалтерские записи и оценить последствия данной ситуации. (Решение → 2958)

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Заполните следующий текст словами и выражениями, данными в рамке.

From the History of Punishment

victim; felons; offender; beheading; adultery; pillory; punishment; execution;

deliberately; condemned; ancient; medieval; guilty; legal; public

For the most history has been both painful and in order to act as deterrent to others. Physical punishments and public humiliations were social events and carried out in most accessible parts of towns, often on market days when the greater part of the population was present. Justice had to be seen to be done.

One of the most bizarre methods of was inflicted in ancient Rome on people found of murdering their fathers. Their punishment was to be put in a sack with a rooster, a viper, and a dog, and then drowned along with the three animals. In Greece the custom of allowing a man to end his own life by poison was extended only to full citizens. The philosopher Socrates died in this way. Condemned slaves were beaten to death instead. Stoning was the ancient method of punishment for among other crimes.

In Turkey if a butcher was found guilty of selling bad meat, he was tied to a post with a piece of stinking meat fixed under his nose, or a baker having sold short weight bread could be nailed to his door by his ear.

One of the most common punishments for petty offences was the , which stood in the main square of towns. The was locked by hands and head into the device and made to stand sometimes for days, while crowds jeered and pelted the offender with rotten vegetables or worse.

In Europe some methods of execution were drawn out to inflict maximum suffering. were tied to a heavy wheel and rolled around the streets until they were crushed to death. Others were strangled, very slowly. One of the most terrible punishments was hanging and quartering. The was hanged, beheaded and the body cut into four pieces. It remained a method of punishment in Britain until 1814. was normally reserved for those of high rank. In England ‘block and axe’ was the common method but this was different from France and Germany where the victim kneeled and the head was taken off with a swing of the sword.

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THE PURPOSE OF STATE PUNISHMENT

wrongdoer; misdeeds; deterrent; retribution; death penalty; corporal punishment; rehabilitate; reform; barbaric; law-abiding; humane; crime doesn't pay

What is the purpose of punishment? One purpose is obviously to the offender, to correct the offender's moral attitudes and anti-social behaviour and to him or her, which means to assist the offender to return to normal life as a useful member of the community.

Punishment can also be seen as a because it warns other people of what will happen if they are tempted to break the law and prevents them from doing so. However, the third purpose of punishment lies, perhaps, in society's desire for retribution, which basically means revenge. In other words, don't we feel that a wrongdoer should suffer for his misdeeds?

The form of punishment should also be considered. On the one hand, some believe that we should “make the punishment fit the crime”. Those who steal from others should be deprived of their own property to ensure that criminals are left in no doubt that . For those who attack others should be used. Murderers should be subject to the principle “an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth” and automatically receive the death .

On the other hand, it is said that such views are unreasonable, cruel and and that we should show a more humane attitude to punishment and try to understand why a person commits a crime and how society has failed to enable him to live a respectable, law-abiding life.