Foreign investments in Russian economy

Foreign investments in Russian economy

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Introduction

1. Strategy of foreign capital regulation in Russia

2. Russia and foreign capital

2.1 Russian position in the world market of investments

2.2 Foreign capital in modern Russia

3. Problems of foreign investments attraction in Russia

Conclusion

References

Introduction

During last two decades we can observe increasing growth of foreign direct investment activity.

Every country tries to attract foreign capital and obtain direct and indirect advantages from foreign investment. Nowadays foreign investments play one of the main roles in the direction of global development. That is why the subject of this paper is the international capital flows.

General Purpose: to explore some theoretical basis of foreign investments and to analyze problems of Russian market development. To reach this objective it is required to cover certain points:

- Ρ‚o give a general characteristic of management strategy of the foreign investments in Russia;

- Ρ‚o point out Russia's position in the world market of investments;

- Ρ‚o explore the problems of attraction of foreign investments into the Russian Federation.

The topic of this research can be identified as foreign capital in Russia.

1. Management strategy of the foreign investments in Russia

All developed countries are pursuing management of the foreign investments, for example restrictions for countries to access to strategic branches of public sector of economy, military-industrial establishment, and other important branches. First of all, restrictions are based on necessity to defense national producer and employment preservation. But also it is necessary to attract foreign investments in economically important directions.

Historical experience of the developed countries shows that foreign loans in adverse conditions can become the lever of political pressure and the reason of concessions in home market protection. Unlimited attraction of the foreign capital in the form of direct investments can have almost the same consequences for national economy.

In transitive economy, foreign capital can weaken some branches which earlier were perceived as quite healthy, when economy was in autarchy form. That's why globalization process looks as sovereignty loss in the opinion of considerable part of Russians.

That's why it is necessary to manage foreign investments especially in sphere of the state's strategic interests and priorities. However first of all it is necessary to specify: what is "strategic sphere" and "strategic regions» and by what criteria they are defined. And do we have standard-legal basis for restrictive regulation of the investments in our country?

For example aspect of relations with investments was not observed in recently accepted doctrine of the Russian Federation power safety; thought power resources import restrictions are included in the similar document in EU.

In the USSR concepts like "the strategic branch", "strategic region" were based on the military doctrine: it is that branch which backlog reduces military potential, and that region, easing of the control for which increases military threat. Threat was expected on all azimuths; and civil industries and regions social and economic level didn't enter into strategic parameters.

There is no such simple criterion for strategically importance in economy. Accordingly, there are no rules of equivocal foreign investment management.

This problem is actively discussed. From wide spectrum of opinions it is necessary to allocate polar positions.

The first position is based on thesis, that any formal restrictions shouldn't be brought in. It is proved that the Russian economy will get healthy only when it will become completely accessible to the foreign investments. According to scientists of liberal sense, it is recognized that our state has tools for protection of the interests, without any management of investments.

The second position was showed recently. Its supporters consider that during the reorganization Russia's economy was excessively opened for foreign investments, and urge to develop model of the state protectionism. They suggest to forbid the private foreign and national investments in sphere of state competence like defense, the law and order; to involve only domestic state (51 %) and private capitals in the major objects of transport infrastructure - railway and pipeline highways, federal highways; not to suppose foreigners in social branches - pension funds, education, medicine, the major objects of culture; to limit the foreign capital in branches in which owing to historical factors our world positions while are weak, for example: civil aircraft, communication, bank system. Also they say that due to poor development of land sales and inadequately low prices in the majority of regions it is necessary to enter interdiction for land purchase by foreigners.

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2. Russia and foreign investments

2.1 Russian position in the world market of investments

By generalizing criteria the investment legislation of Russia and the EU countries are almost similar. At the same time legislative fastening of conditions for foreign investments doesn't mean that the foreign capital operations in our country are not bound free. The main distinction here is that liberal economy of E.U. is in the mature phase, and Russia is at stage of its formation. World experience can be expressed in axiom: at stage of development state should play great role in economy. Focused on result approach to foreign investments that is better, than policy of non-interference that is proclaimed by liberal economists.

Apparently, requirements of the Russian investments restriction supporters correspond to economic behavior of developing country at "stage of accumulation of the capital" (K.Marx). However, the position of the liberals who proclaim desirability of the state non-interference is quite explainable: there is obviously expressed doubt that the state machinery is capable to regulate adequately something on microeconomic level and foreign investments especially.

It is known that the discontent of foreign investors with activity conditions in Russia is connected not with absence or laws rigidity but with randomness of their application. On the contrary foreign firms demand literal application of already available laws and this causes the offence of officials. Foreign partners and managers are involved in some corporations only because it strengthens protection against the unfair officials. It is indicative that representatives of all levels of the power also agree with this regrettable fact.

Modern developed countries experience shows the necessity to pursue consistent and partner policy of protection of the domestic private capital from absorption by the foreign capital.

The Russian specificity consists in fact that this business layer is not politically issued and its interests are consequently reflected in state policy only in form of declarations.

On the other hand, nostalgic dreams of foreign trade activities nationalization are quite explainable: in the country there were serious difficulties caused by avalanche expansion of business by people which are involved in the international business. This problem was raised from level of foreign business regulation to level of the state ideology.

Russia faces similar choice not for the first time. In genesis of the modern approach to foreign investments historical experience of the Russian empire of the end XIX the XX century is put.

S.U. Vitte is the sign person for modern economists-statesmen. He widely used exclusive economic force of the imperial power in the liberal purposes. In the end of 1890th years it has supported unlimited attraction of the foreign capital in Russian industry and railway business. It was named β€œmedicine against poverty”.

Vitte's system promoted economy development: by 1900 Russia went on 1 place in the world on oil extraction, the network of railways grew North American speed.

However Vitte began to assert that the commercial policy problem in Russia is reduced to persevering and consecutive protective mode... Until this mode will prepare a strongly developed industry it would be possible able to sustain... Internal, and then external competition"

capital investment market policy

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2.2 Foreign capital in modern Russia

Foreign corporations operating in Russia prefer short-term financial investments and mainly invest in extracting and metallurgical branches. No more than 1,5 % of foreign investments are put in scientific and technological projects. Besides it during the real period:

- Average and small foreign capital was involved with high profitability and fast recoupment of separate projects in sphere of trade, building and services. In the opinion of investors, profits are much higher than risks;

- Investments from representatives of the Russian Diaspora in foreign countries. Offshore companies that illegally take out and legalize capital.

For reasons of national safety, strategic restrictions of the foreign capital in the defensive industry of Russia, are quite logical: the public sector of the domestic heavy industry demands protection against unfriendly absorption. On the contrary, preservation of the general technical backwardness will be expected consequence of isolation. According to some high-rank officers, traditional unreadiness of Russian (Soviet) army to any war in XIX-XX of centuries is the direct consequence of similar closeness.

Historically, Russian military-industrial complex has fixed basic patents and know-how in sphere of high technologies. That's why along with restriction of "external" influence of transnational corporations it is necessary to avoid "internal" pressure of military-industrial complex state enterprises towards broad understanding of "strategic restrictions", meaning to facilitate advancement on the world market of civil and double purpose domestic technologies.

Nowadays military-industrial complex has inexorable pressure on all branches and levels of the Russian economy.

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3. Problems of foreign investments attraction in Russia

Attraction of investments into real sector of economy is one of the economic policy main problems in Russia.

Foreign investors which operate in the Russian market can be divided into 3 groups:

investors which operate in enclave part of the general legal field of national managing treatment;

small and average commodity producers who possess the original production and services "know-how"

investors who are guided by reception of profit of speculative character

In Russia, it is necessary to attract the second type of investors. They will promote competition among manufacturers.

Measures focused on creation of attractive conditions for inflow of investments include 3 basic groups: base measures on creation of favorable investment climate; legal and administrative bases of foreign investors activity; specific stimulus for inflow of investments.

Strategic target of policy in sphere of foreign investments attraction is to provide favorable conditions for foreign investors to invest in Russian economy. The serious preparatory work on tax change, investment and corporate legislation which could promote intensification of investment process is needed for this purpose. The national treatment of economic activities that exists in Russia is extremely unattractive for the foreign companies. The national treatment principle in Russia should be complemented by system of privileges and guarantees for foreign investors.

Along with application of national treatment, realization of other foreign investments legal regulation principles is also necessary. First of all, it is the treatment of the most favored nation which is applied on purpose of discrimination in relation to investors from any countries.

Russian politics according to foreign investments should be characterized with high transparency.

Priorities of policy of attraction of foreign investments in Russia should be focused on several aspects:

- Financial incentives for kinds of activity which are important for economy of the Russian Federation, including export of competitive production and import of new technologies;

- Branch priorities: attraction of foreign investments (1) in hi-tech branches (information technology, the space and nuclear industry; (2) branches that have "bottlenecks" character in economy; and (3) branches that develop export - machine-tool construction for the wood, oil, gas industry, power, metallurgy.

- Priorities for some companies: it is inexpedient to stop stimulation of the large companies, but at the same time it is necessary to pay attention to the small and average foreign companies investments attraction

- country priorities: activisation of investment attraction process in Russia economy, demands country investments inflow sources diversification at the expense of economically developed countries, and the countries with dynamical emerging markets.

The investments policy should be focused on liquidation of formal restrictions and administrative barriers on the way of the foreign capital, on use of system of the guarantees focused on specificity of foreign investments and called to compensate negative consequences of the developed investment climate.

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Conclusion

Every country tries to attract foreign capital and obtain direct and indirect advantages of foreign investment. Today foreign investment plays one of the main roles in the direction of global development. Foreign investment plays an extraordinary and growing role in global business.

Russia has an enormous and underdeveloped endowment of natural resources, particularly in mineral resources and petroleum. There are high expectations for foreign investments to flow into resource development and related sectors. However, foreign inflows to Russia have tended to flow into not only the primary sector but also into the services sector. In general, foreign investments are more concentrated in the central regions of the Moscow, St. Petersburg and the Republic of Tatarstan than elsewhere.

There are some problems of investing in Russia. In Russia, government support of investment is very low. Bureaucracy in the Russian Federation is a very strong obstacle for investing. The legal environment for foreign investments in Russia has historically been characterized by the weak enforcement of laws and contracts. Also our country has many restrictions on investing (for example investing in strategic branches).

Russia has recently considerably enhanced its position as a foreign investments destination. It is very important for our country. Foreign investments are one of the major foundations for economic growth of Russia.

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Π˜Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ инвСстиции в экономику России

Π’Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅

1. БтратСгия рСгулирования  иностранного капитала в России

2. Россия и иностранный  ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»

2,1 позиции России  на мировом рынкС инвСстиций

2,2 иностранного  капитала в соврСмСнной России

3. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Β ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΒ  иностранных инвСстиций в России

Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅

Бсылки

Π’Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅

За послСдниС два дСсятилСтия  ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΠΌΒ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡŽΠ΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΒ ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ роста  прямых иностранных инвСстиционной Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ.

ΠšΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΒ ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π½Π° пытаСтся ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‡ΡŒ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉΒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»Β ΠΈΒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ прямыС и косвСнныС выгоды ΠΎΡ‚ иностранных  инвСстиций. В настоящСС врСмя  иностранныС инвСстиции ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρƒ ΠΈΠ· Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹Ρ…Β Ρ€ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉΒ Π²Β Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈΒ  Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ. ИмСнно поэтому  Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ являСтся ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΒ  ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΌΒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»Π°.

ΠžΠ±Ρ‰Π°Ρ Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒ: ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΒ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅Β  основы иностранных инвСстиций ΠΈΒ  Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ развития русского Ρ€Ρ‹Π½ΠΊΠ°. Для достиТСния этой Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΈ трСбуСтся, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹Β ΠΎΡ…Π²Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ‚Ρ‹:

- Π’oΒ Π΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΒ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΡƒΡŽΒ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΡΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΡƒΒ  стратСгии управлСния иностранных  инвСстиций в России;

- Π’oΒ ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚Β Π½Π°Β ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β  России на мировом рынкС инвСстиций;

- Π’oΒ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Β  привлСчСния иностранных инвСстиций  в России.

ВСма данного исслСдования ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚Β Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΒ  иностранного ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»Π° в Россию.

1. БтратСгия управлСния  иностранных инвСстиций в России

ВсС Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Π΅ страны ΠΎΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ ΡƒΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ иностранными инвСстициями, Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€, ограничСния для доступа  стран к стратСгичСским отраслям государствСнного сСктора экономики, Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°, ΠΈΒ  Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… отраслях. ΠŸΡ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ всСго, ограничСния основаны Π½Π° нСобходимости  обороны страны производитСля и  сохранСниС занятости. Но и это нСобходимо для привлСчСния иностранных  инвСстиций в экономичСски Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… направлСниях.

Π˜ΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉΒ ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Ρ… стран показываСт, что иностранныС  займы в нСблагоприятных условиях ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Β ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΒ Ρ€Ρ‹Ρ‡Π°Π³ΠΎΠΌΒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ  давлСния ΠΈΒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ уступки в  Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹ Ρ€Ρ‹Π½ΠΊΠ°. НСограничСнноС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β  иностранного ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»Π° в формС прямых инвСстиций ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Β ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΡŒΒ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Ρ‚ΠΈΒ  Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅Β ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΡΒ Π΄Π»ΡΒ Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ экономики.

Π’ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ экономикС, иностранный  ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»Β ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Β ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅Β  отрасли, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅Β Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π΅Β Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΒ Π²ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ…, когда экономика  Π½Π°Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡŒ Π²Β Π°Π²Ρ‚Π°Ρ€ΠΊΠΈΠΈ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ΅. Π’ΠΎΡ‚Β  ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΌΡƒ процСсс глобализации выглядит как потСря сувСрСнитСта, ΠΏΠΎ мнСнию Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ части россиян.

Π’ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΌΡƒ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡƒΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»ΡΡ‚ΡŒΒ  иностранныС инвСстиции, особСнно Π²Β  сфСрС стратСгичСских интСрСсов  государства и приоритСтами. Однако Π²Β ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΡƒΡŽ ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΡŒΒ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ: что являСтся "стратСгичСской сфСрС" ΠΈ "стратСгичСскиС Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Ρ‹Β» ΠΈΒ ΠΏΠΎ каким критСриям они опрСдСлСны, ΠΈΒ ΡƒΒ Π½Π°ΡΒ Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-правовая основа Π΄Π»ΡΒ ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ рСгулирования  инвСстиций Π²Β Π½Π°ΡˆΡƒ страну.?

НапримСр аспСкт ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉΒ  с инвСстициями Π½Π΅ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡŽΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡΒ Π²Β  нСдавно принятой Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ½Π΅ Русской  энСргСтичСской бСзопасности Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ; мысли мощности ограничСния импорта  рСсурсов Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π²Β Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΌΒ  Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π΅Β Π²Β Π•Π‘.

Π’ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ†ΠΈΠΈΒ Π‘Π‘Π‘Π  ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ "стратСгичСскиС отрасли", "стратСгичСский Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½" Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ основаны Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉΒ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹: это то, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΒ ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΡΠ»ΡŒ, которая сокращаСт  отставаниС Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉΒ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π», ΠΈΒ  Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΒ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½, ослаблСниС контроля Π·Π° ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉΒ ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ‚Β Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽΒ  ΡƒΠ³Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Ρƒ. Π£Π³Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Π° оТидаСтся по всСм Π°Π·ΠΈΠΌΡƒΡ‚Π°ΠΌ ΠΈΒ Π³Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅Β ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΡΠ»ΠΈΒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΈΒ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Ρ‹Β ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ ΠΈΒ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ уровня Π½Π΅ входило в стратСгичСскиС ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ‹.

БущСствуСт нСт такой  простой критСрий стратСгичСского  значСния в экономикС. БоотвСтствСнно, Π½Π΅ сущСствуСт Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ…Β ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ» двусмыслСнной  ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…Β ΡƒΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ инвСстициями.

Π­Ρ‚Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° активно обсуТдаСтся. Из ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ спСктра мнСний Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ полярныС ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΈ.

ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€Π²Π°ΡΒ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡΒ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π½Π° тСзисС, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΒ Π»ΡŽΠ±Ρ‹Π΅Β Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ограничСния нС Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ дюйма доказано, что экономика  России ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Β Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡŽ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π°, когда она станСт ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽΒ Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΒ  для иностранных инвСстиций. По словам ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΒ ΡΠΌΡ‹ΡΠ»Π΅, ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚Β ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΒ Π½Π°ΡˆΠ΅ государство имССт инструмСнты  для защиты своих интСрСсов, Π±Π΅Π·Β  всякого управлСния инвСстициями.

Π’Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°ΡΒ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡΒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡŒ в послСднСС врСмя. Π•Π΅ сторонники ΡΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΒ Π²ΠΎ врСмя рСорганизации  экономики России Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° Ρ‡Ρ€Π΅Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΒ  ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π»Π°ΡΡŒΒ Π΄Π»ΡΒ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…Β ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΈΒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚Β Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΒ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡŒ государствСнного ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°. Они  ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π·Π°ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΒ Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ…Β ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…Β  ΠΈΒ Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… инвСстиций в сфСрС  государствСнной компСтСнции, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΒ  ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ½Π°, закон и порядок, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠ΅ состояния (51%) и частного ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»Π° Π²Β ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…Β ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² транспортной инфраструктуры - ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…Β ΠΈΒ  Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ±ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… магистралСй, Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…Β  Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³Β Ρ„Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ , Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒΒ  ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ†Π΅Π²Β Π²Β ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… отраслях - пСнсионныС Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΄Ρ‹, ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ½Π°, основных ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹; для ограничСния  иностранного ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»Π° в отраслях, в которых в силу историчСских Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² наши ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅Β ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΈΒ Π²Β  Ρ‚ΠΎ врСмя как слабыС, Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€, граТданской  Π°Π²ΠΈΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, связи, банковской систСмы. ΠšΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Β  Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, они говорят, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΒ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° слабого  развития ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΆΠΈΒ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»ΠΈΒ ΠΈΒ Π½Π΅Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΒ  Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ… Ρ†Π΅Π½Β Π²Β Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Β Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ввСсти Π·Π°ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ‚ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΏΠΊΡƒΒ  зСмли иностранцами.

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2. Россия и иностранныС  инвСстиции

2,1 позиции России на  мировом рынкС инвСстиций

ΠŸΠΎΒ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ критСриям  ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π° России и стран ЕБ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Ρ‚ΠΈΒ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹. Π’Β Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΡΒ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅Β  закрСплСниС условий для иностранных  инвСстиций Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΒ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ с иностранной капитала в нашСй  странС Π½Π΅ связаны бСсплатно. ΠžΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ являСтся Ρ‚ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΒ Π»ΠΈΠ±Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°ΡΒ  экономика ЕБ находится в зрСлой Ρ„Π°Π·Π΅, и Россия находится на этапС  своСго становлСния. ΠœΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉΒ ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Β  Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ в аксиому: Π½Π° этапС  развития государство долТно ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΡƒΡŽΒ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ в экономикС. ΠžΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π° Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Β ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π°Β ΠΊΒ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΒ  инвСстициям, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΒ ΡΡ‚ΠΎΒ Π»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌΒ  ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡˆΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉΒ  провозгласил Π»ΠΈΠ±Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅Β ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡ‚Ρ‹.

Будя по всСму, трСбования русского ограничСниС инвСстиций сторонников  ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚Β ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅Β ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β  Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡΒ ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π½Β Π½Π° "стадии накоплСния ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»Π°" (К. ΠœΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΡ). Π’Π΅ΠΌΒ  Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅, позиция либСралов, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅Β  ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»Π°ΡˆΠ°ΡŽΡ‚Β ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈΒ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡˆΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΒ  государства вполнС объяснимо: Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ, ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎ, выразил сомнСниС, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΒ  государствСнный аппарат способСн Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΒ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ-Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π° микроэкономичСском ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ и иностранных инвСстиций в частности.

Π˜Π·Π²Π΅ΡΡ‚Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΒ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ иностранных инвСсторов условия  Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ в России связано нС ΡΒ ΠΎΡ‚ΡΡƒΡ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΒ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΒ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡ‚ΠΊΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ², Π½ΠΎ ΡΒ ΡΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΒ ΠΈΡ… примСнСния. Напротив, ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅Β Ρ„ΠΈΡ€ΠΌΡ‹Β Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΡƒΡŽΡ‚Β  Π±ΡƒΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Β ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡΒ  Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ², и это приводит ΠΊΒ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ, прСступлСниС долТностных лиц. Π˜Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅Β  ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚Π½Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹ ΠΈΒ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‹, ΡƒΡ‡Π°ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅Β  Π²Β Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅Β ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΏΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ, что она усиливаСт защиту ΠΎΡ‚ нСдобросовСстных Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠŸΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ, что прСдставитСли  всСх уровнСй власти такТС согласны с этим прискорбный факт.

Π‘ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Ρ… стран  ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚Β ΠΎΒ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈΒ  ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΒ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ и партнСрской  ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹ отСчСствСнного частного ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»Π° ΠΎΡ‚ поглощСния иностранным  ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»ΠΎΠΌ.

Русская спСцифика состоит  Π²Β Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, что эта бизнСс-слой Π½Π΅ являСтся политичСски выпущСнных и свои интСрСсы, ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ, отраТСниС в государствСнной  ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Π²Β Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π°Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ.

Π‘ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΉ стороны, Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅Β  ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Ρ‚Ρ‹Β ΠΎΒ Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ иностранной  Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Π²ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ объяснимо: в странС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡˆΠ»ΠΈΒ ΡΠ΅Ρ€ΡŒΠ΅Π·Π½Ρ‹Π΅Β  трудности, Π²Ρ‹Π·Π²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅Β Π»Π°Π²ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ Ρ€Π°ΡΡˆΠΈΡ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ бизнСса, людСй, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅Β ΡƒΡ‡Π°ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚Β  в мСТдународном бизнСсС. Π­Ρ‚Π°Β  ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° поднята от уровня Π²Π°Π»ΡŽΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ  рСгулирования бизнСса до уровня государствСнной идСологии.

Россия сталкиваСтся с  ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌΒ Π½Π΅ Π²Β ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π·. В гСнСзисС соврСмСнного ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π°Β  к иностранным инвСстициям историчСский ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚ русской импСрии в концС XIX Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ° XX ставится.

S.U. ВиттС являСтся признаком  чСловСка для соврСмСнных экономистов,Β  государствСнных дСятСлСй. ΠžΠ½Β ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎΒ  ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ΡΡΒ Π²Β ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉΒ  экономичСской силС импСраторской  Π²Π»Π°ΡΡ‚ΠΈΒ Π²Β Π»ΠΈΠ±Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…Β Ρ†Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ.Β  Π’Β ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Β 1890-Ρ…Β Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Β ΠΎΠ½Β ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ‚Β  нСограничСнноС привлСчСниС иностранного  ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»Π°Β Π²Β Ρ€ΡƒΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉΒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈΒ  и ТСлСзнодороТного бизнСса. Он  был назван «лСкарством против  бСдности».

БистСма ВиттС способствовала Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡŽ экономики: ΠΊ 1900 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ Россия Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ»Π°Β  Π½Π° 1 мСсто в мирС ΠΏΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹Ρ‡Π΅ Π½Π΅Ρ„Ρ‚ΠΈ, ΡΠ΅Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… дорог выросла сСвСроамСриканских скорости.

ΠžΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΒ Π’ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‚Π΅Β ΡΡ‚Π°Π» ΡƒΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ, что коммСрчСскиС Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π²Β  России сводится к настойчивой и  ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ ... Π”ΠΎ этого рСТима Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Β Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ сильно Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽΒ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΒ  Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ Π±Ρ‹ Π²Β ΡΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈΒ Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ ... Π’Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π°Β Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΒ Π²Π½Π΅ΡˆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΒ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡƒΡ€Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ "

ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° Ρ€Ρ‹Π½ΠΊΠ΅

Β 

2,2 иностранного капитала  в соврСмСнной России

Π˜Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ в России, ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‚ краткосрочныС  финансовыС влоТСния и в основном ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚Β Π²Β Π΄ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹Ρ‡Ρƒ и мСталлургичСской отраслСй. НС Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 1,5% иностранных инвСстиций Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ в научныС и тСхнологичСскиС  ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ‹. ΠšΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Β Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΎΠ½ Π²Β Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β  Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π°:

- БрСдниС и малыС иностранного  капитала был связан с высокой  Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π±Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈΒ ΠΈΒ Π±Ρ‹ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΉΒ ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΏΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈΒ  ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…Β ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Β Π²Β ΡΡ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Β  Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π³ΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π°Β ΠΈΒ ΡƒΡΠ»ΡƒΠ³.Β  ΠŸΠΎΒ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽΒ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ±Ρ‹Π»ΡŒΒ  Π½Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅, чСм риски;

- Π˜Π½Π²Π΅ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΈΒ ΠΈΠ·Β ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉΒ  русской диаспоры в зарубСТных  странах.Β ΠžΡ„Ρ„ΡˆΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅Β ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅Β  Π½Π΅Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΒ Π²Ρ‹Π²Π΅Π·Ρ‚ΠΈΒ ΠΈΒ Π»Π΅Π³Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΒ  ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π».

ΠŸΠΎΒ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ бСзопасности, стратСгичСскиС ограничСния  иностранного ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»Π° Π²Β ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉΒ  ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ России, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π²ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎ: государствСнный сСктор отСчСствСнной  Ρ‚ΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΉΒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ трСбованиям  Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹ ΠΎΡ‚ нСдруТСствСнного поглощСния. Напротив, сохранСниС общСй тСхничСской  отсталости Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ будут слСдствиСм изоляции. По мнСнию нСкоторых высокопоставлСнных ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΡ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ², традиционная Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ русского (совСтского) Π°Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠΈΒ Π²Β Π»ΡŽΠ±ΠΎΠΉΒ  Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Π΅Β Π² XIX-XX вСков являСтся прямым слСдствиСм ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ близости.

Π˜ΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ слоТилось, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΒ  русская воСнно-ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Β  зафиксировал основныС ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹Β ΠΈΒ  Π½ΠΎΡƒ-хау в сфСрС высоких тСхнологий. Π’ΠΎΡ‚Β ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΌΡƒ наряду с ограничСниСм "внСшнСго" Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡΒ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π½ΡΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…Β  ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΏΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ это нСобходимо, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹Β  ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ "Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ" давлСния Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Β  государства по ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽΒ ΠΊΒ ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡŽΒ Β«ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ…Β ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ", имСя Π²Β Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρƒ содСйствиС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽΒ  Π½Π° мировом рынкС граТданского ΠΈΒ  Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ЦСль отСчСствСнных тСхнологий.

Π’ настоящСС врСмя воСнно-ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ комплСкс ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚Β Π½Π΅ΡƒΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° всС вСтви и уровни экономики  России.

Β 

3. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Β ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΒ  иностранных инвСстиций в России

ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ инвСстиций Π²Β  Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ сСктор экономики являСтся ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΒ ΠΈΠ· экономичСской политики ΠžΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ в России.

Π˜Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ инвСсторы, Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ в русском рынкС, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΒ Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΒ  Π½Π° 3 Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹:

инвСсторы, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅Β Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π²Β Π°Π½ΠΊΠ»Π°Π²Π΅Β Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒΒ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ  поля Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ ΡƒΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ лСчСния;

ΠΌΠ°Π»Ρ‹Ρ… и срСдних товаропроизводитСлСй, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅Β ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈΒ  и услуг "Π½ΠΎΡƒ-Ρ…Π°Ρƒ"

инвСсторов, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅Β ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡΒ  Π½Π° получСниС прибыли спСкулятивного Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°

Π’ России Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‡ΡŒ Π’Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ тип инвСсторов. ΠžΠ½ΠΈΒ Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‚Β  ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡƒΡ€Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΈΒ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΒ  производитСлями.

ΠœΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‹, Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π½Π° созданиС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…Β ΡƒΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉΒ Π΄Π»ΡΒ  притока инвСстиций Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ 3 основных Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹: Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅Β ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎ созданию благоприятного инвСстиционного климата; ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ и административныС основы Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ иностранных инвСсторов; ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Π΅ стимулы для притока инвСстиций.

Π‘Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉΒ Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒΡŽΒ  ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ в сфСрС привлСчСния  иностранных инвСстиций являСтся созданиС благоприятных условий для иностранных  инвСсторов Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ срСдства в экономику  России. Π‘Π΅Ρ€ΡŒΠ΅Π·Π½Π°ΡΒ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π° ΠΏΠΎ налоговым измСнСниям, инвСстиционного  ΠΈΒ ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΏΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅Β ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈΒ Π±Ρ‹ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ интСнсификации инвСстиционного процСсса Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ для этой Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΈ. ΠΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΒ Ρ…ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉΒ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ, которая сущСствуСт в России ΠΊΡ€Π°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉΒ Π΄Π»ΡΒ Π·Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠ° Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° в России Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ дополнСно систСмой Π»ΡŒΠ³ΠΎΡ‚Β ΠΈΒ Π³Π°Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠΉ для иностранных  инвСсторов.

Наряду с примСнСниСм  Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°, осущСствлСниС  Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… иностранных инвСстиций ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΡ‹ рСгулирования являСтся Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅Β  Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ‹ΠΌ. ΠŸΡ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ всСго, это лСчСниС  Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ благоприятствуСмой Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, которая  ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ‚ΡΡΒ ΡΒ Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒΡŽΒ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈΒ  Π²Β ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈΒ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· любой  страны.

Русская ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎ иностранным  инвСстициям долТно Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡΒ  Π²Ρ‹ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉΒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ·Ρ€Π°Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ.

ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚Ρ‹Β ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ привлСчСния  иностранных инвСстиций в России Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ сосрСдоточСны на Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΈΡ… аспСктах:

- ЀинансовыС стимулы для  Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Β Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅Β ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚Β  ваТноС значСниС для экономики  России, в том числС экспорт  конкурСнтоспособной продукции  ΠΈΒ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π°Β Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ…Β Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ;

- Π€ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ°Π»Β ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚Ρ‹: ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β  иностранных инвСстиций (1) Π²Β ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Ρ‚-Tech отрасли (ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Π΅Β Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉΒ ΠΈΒ ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉΒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ; (2) Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ‹,Β ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅Β ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚Β Β«ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ…Β  мСст» характСр в экономикС,Β  ΠΈΒ (3) отраслСй, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅Β Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡΒ  экспорта - ΠΌΠ°ΡˆΠΈΠ½Ρ‹Β Π˜Π½ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Β Π΄Π»ΡΒ  ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π°Β Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°,Β Π½Π΅Ρ„Ρ‚ΡŒ,Β  Π³Π°Π·Β ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ, энСргСтики, ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π»Π»ΡƒΡ€Π³ΠΈΠΈ.

- ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚Ρ‹Β Π΄Π»ΡΒ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ…Β  ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ: это нСцСлСсообразно,Β Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹Β  ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΒ ΡΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…Β  ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, но в то ТС врСмя  Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΒ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΒ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β  на привлСчСнии малых и срСдних  иностранных компаний инвСстиции

- Π‘Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅Β ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚Ρ‹: активизация  процСсса привлСчСния инвСстиций  в экономику России, трСбуСт странС  приток инвСстиций дивСрсификации  источников за счСт экономичСски  развитых стран и стран с  Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΒ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡΒ Ρ€Ρ‹Π½ΠΊΠ°Ρ….

Π˜Π½Π²Π΅ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΉΒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ​​на Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ административных Π±Π°Ρ€ΡŒΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΏΡƒΡ‚ΠΈ иностранного ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»Π°, Π½Π° использовании систСмы Π³Π°Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠΉ сосрСдоточСно Π½Π° спСцификС иностранных инвСстиций ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π²Π°Π», Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π½Π΅Π³Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ послСдствия Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Ρ… инвСстиционного ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π°.

Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅

ΠšΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΒ ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π½Π° пытаСтся ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‡ΡŒ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉΒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»Β ΠΈΒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ прямыС и косвСнныС прСимущСства иностранных инвСстиций. БСгодня  иностранныС инвСстиции ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρƒ ΠΈΠ· Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹Ρ…Β Ρ€ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉΒ Π²Β Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈΒ  Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ. Π˜Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅Β  инвСстиции ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Ρ‡Ρ€Π΅Π·Π²Ρ‹Ρ‡Π°ΠΉΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΈΒ Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚ΡƒΡ‰ΡƒΡŽ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ в мировом бизнСсС.

Россия обладаСт ΠΎΠ³Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ и слаборазвитых запасы ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ…Β  рСсурсов, в частности, в области  ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…Β Ρ€Π΅ΡΡƒΡ€ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΒ Π½Π΅Ρ„Ρ‚ΠΈ. Π•ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ΅Β Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ‹Β Π½Π° иностранныС  инвСстиции Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡ΡŒ Π²Β Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΈ рСсурса  и смСТных отраслСй. Π’Π΅ΠΌΒ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΊ иностранного в России, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΒ  ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡ΡŒ Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Π²Β ΡΡ‹Ρ€ΡŒΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΌ сСкторС, Π½ΠΎ и в сфСрС услуг. Π’Β  Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ, иностранныС инвСстиции ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅Β ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π²Β Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…Β  Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ…Β ΠœΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Ρ‹, Π‘Π°Π½ΠΊΡ‚-ΠŸΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π±ΡƒΡ€Π³Π° ΠΈΒ  РСспублики Ватарстан, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌΒ Π²Β Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… мСстах.

Π•ΡΡ‚ΡŒΒ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅Β ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ инвСстирования в России. В России государствСнная поддСрТка инвСстиций ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒΒ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΊ. Π‘ΡŽΡ€ΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ в России являСтся ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒΒ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΒ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΡΡ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ для инвСстирования. ΠŸΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… условий  для иностранных инвСстиций Π²Β  России историчСски было Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎ слабоС исполнСниС Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Β ΠΈΒ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ². ΠšΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Β Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, наша страна ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚Β ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ  ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉΒ Π½Π° инвСстированиС (Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€, инвСстированиС в стратСгичСскиС отрасли).

Π’ послСднСС врСмя Россия Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΒ ΡƒΠΊΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π° свои ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΈΒ  в качСствС иностранной инвСстиции назначСния. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎΒ ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒΒ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΒ Π΄Π»ΡΒ  Π½Π°ΡˆΠ΅ΠΉΒ ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‹. Π˜Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅Β ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉΒ ΠΈΠ· главных основ  для экономичСского роста России.

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Foreign investments in Russian economy to reach $100 billion next year

The economy of present-day Russia can be described as highly differentiated and complicated. The Russian administration is trying to balance between a variety of economic trends, giving world news agencies and foreign observers an opportunity to express their own interpretation of the current state of economic affairs in Russia. Nevertheless, no one doubts that the government controls and affects the nation's economy.

Economic changes in the country and the improving living standard can be seen clearly. US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice said in one of her recent interviews that a lot of things had changed for the better in Russia over the recent several years. Ms. Rice noted that queues in Russian furniture stores prove the increasing purchasing capacity of the population and the expansion of the Russian middle class. On the other hand, Condoleezza Rice pointed out the considerable life quality difference between Russian cities, where the middle class was being formed, and villages, where the majority of people still live below the poverty line. It is noteworthy that the USA had a similar experience in the 1920s and 1930s, when industrial capital was developing in the States. The economic phenomenon of that period was reflected in classic American literature. The Russian government has been trying to smooth out negative consequences in the development of large industrial centers, introducing special programs for the support of provincial towns.

The outflow of capital, which Western specialists probably view as negative, is another typical trend of the present-day Russian economy. About 100 billion dollars haven flown out of Russia over the recent four years, which became a record level achieved since 1997, Fitch agency said. The agency believes that such an impressive number testifies to the hostile investment climate, which was particularly ruined by the Yukos case. However, investments in the Russian economy have been growing as well, although at a much slower pace. It would be logic to surmise that the Russian economy absorbs the money, which it can process at the moment, pushing excessive funds abroad. In addition, the government does not tend to keep the money in the country, but supports their export, the director of the Expert Institute, Andrey Nashchadin said. The practice is used to weaken the inflation pressure. The Russian government plans to liberalize the currency legislation in 2006 instead of impeding the capital outflow.

The Yukos case has definitely affected the Russian economy, although it did not became the key factor in determining the investment climate in Russia. Russian Minister for Finances, Aleksei Kudrin, believes that foreign investments in Russia might reach 100 billion dollars in 2005. There is nothing strange about the careful approach of the Russian government to large-scale investments in economic projects. Furthermore, Russian enterprises can afford saving debts to modernize their production, taking into consideration the increased gold and forex reserves. The foreign debt of the USA has been growing during the recent several years. The national wealth of the USA, however, has been growing a lot faster in comparison with the foreign debt, which saves the USA from default.

Nevertheless, Russia has a lot of economic problems to deal with nowadays. They are mainly connected with the weak process of the economic diversification. Russia presumably exports raw materials. Minister Kudrin said that the 5.8-percent economic growth was a stable forecast, although Kudrin added that a higher level of progress could be achieved too. It is noteworthy that last year's growth was registered on the level of 7.1 percent. There are certain problems with the recreation of the transparent economic capital. Spokespeople for the Russian Office of the Prosecutor General say, however, that the department is currently targeting other prominent Russian businessmen. According to Minister for Finances, Aleksey Kudrin, a lesser interference of this agency in the economy may speed up the economic development. To crown it all, Russia stands on the verge of important economic changes, such as the WTO membership and the completion of a series of reforms. Unlike several smaller states, which are incapable of affecting their macroeconomic indexes, the Russian economy depends on the government's decisions and will. Russia has all opportunities to slow down the progress of one economic field, focus attention on another one and accomplish necessary goals.

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Π˜Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ инвСстиции Π²Β  Ρ€ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ экономику до $100 ΠΌΠ»Ρ€Π΄. Π²Β  ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΌΒ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ

Foreign investments in Russian economy