💯 Иностранный язык в сфере юриспруденции [Тема 1-4] (ответы на тесты Синергия / МОИ / МТИ / МосАП, декабрь 2023) (Решение → 95300)

Иностранный язык в сфере юриспруденции > Тест 1 / Тест 2 / Тест 3 / Тест 4 / Итоговый тест / Компетентностный тест

• правильные ответы на все вопросы из тестов по данной дисциплине
• вопросы отсортированы в лексикографическом порядке

• Введение в курс
• Тема 1. What is Law? (Что такое закон?)
• Тема 2. Law and Values. (Закон и ценности.)
• Тема 3. Consumer Law (Закон о правах потребителя)
• Тема 4. How Laws Protect the Consumer. (Как законы защищают потребителя.)
• Итоговая аттестация

… are responsible for ensuring product safety and to control the protection of human rights

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• People
• Mayors
• State agencies

… are supposed to be reflected in law as law should be based on what society sees as acceptable, fair, just

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Values
• Laws
• Rules

… flaw in goods (works, services) means a flaw that it is impossible to eliminate or a flaw which cannot be eliminated without spending an in commensurate outlays or time or which occurs repeatedly or which emerges again after it has been eliminated or other similar flaws

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

… is an organisation, regardless of the organisational-and-legal form thereof, or an individual businessman engaged in importing commodities for their subsequent sale

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

… is concerned with human actions, and the choice of those actions, and evaluates those actions, and the values that underlie them

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

… is defined as freedom from inner conflict

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Inner anxiety
• Inner harmony
• Inner control
• Inner beliefs

… is usually connected with what is believed to be right or wrong, with human moral principles or values

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Law
• Rules
• Morality

A claim for damage caused to health, life or property may be brought against a … (either seller or executor) at the consumer’s discretion

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

A set of principles established by the founders of the organization to communicate its underlying moral values are called … standards

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

A system of treaties and agreements between nations that governs how nations interact with other nations, citizens of other nations, and businesses of other nations is … law

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

A turning point in the Consumer Protection Legislation was the … Treaty, signed on February 7, 1992 and ratified by Law no. 454 of November 3, 1992 that transformed the European Community in European Union

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Paris
• Berlin
• Vienna
• Maastricht

Adultery is a voluntary sexual intercourse between a married person and someone other than that person's current spouse or partner. The Code of Hammurabi in Babylonia provided a punishment of death by drowning for adultery. In ancient Greece and in Roman law, an offending female spouse could be killed, but men were not severely punished. Study the following case: “The husband alleged that he saw his wife talking with another person on three occasions”. What’s the difference between “ethical” and “legal”? Does the case deal with Russian/English criminal law?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Ethics is the word used to define anything that concerns the law or its workings. On the other hand, legal is the word used to define the traditional norms and morals of an individual. The following case is not regarded as criminal according to Russian / English criminal law. Adultery is an issue of ethics
• Legal is the word used to define anything that concerns the law or its workings. On the other hand, ethics is the word used to define the traditional norms and morals of an individual. The following case is regarded as criminal according to Russian / English criminal law
• Legal is the word used to define anything that concerns the law or its workings. On the other hand, ethics is the word used to define the traditional norms and morals of an individual. The following case is not regarded as criminal according to Russian / English criminal law. Adultery is an issue of ethics

An area of United States law that involves agreements between people, businesses, and groups is … law

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Analyze the following case: Therapist sent a third billing notice to a slow-to- pay client’s fax machine in her office but client did not report to work that day. The bill was titled “psychological services rendered” and handwritten in large print was “Third Notice – OVERDUE!!” with client’s name. This notice sat in an open access mail tray of the busy office all day. Was is reasonable? Is it allowed to send private material in such a manner?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Therapist could have failed to know that many people have access to the fax machine in a busy place of business. Private material should not be faxed unless it is known that the intended recipient will be retrieving the information
• Therapist could use any address provided by the client. Private material should be faxed or send by e-mail
• Therapist should have known that many people have access to the fax machine in a busy place of business. Private material should not be faxed unless it is known that the intended recipient will be retrieving the information

Antique shop owner Mary uses a courier service to ship a set of china to John. The china set gets broken during delivery. You are a lawyer. Advise Mary as to her liability. Who will be responsible for fixing the problem?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Mary will be responsible for fixing the problem. She must make sure products aren’t damaged. This also applies to deliveries. Mary may be able to seek compensation from the courier
• John will be responsible for fixing the problem. He has already bought the china set, so it’s up to him to solve all the related issues
• Courier service will be responsible for fixing the problem. After the goods were shipped that is courier service’s responsibility to deliver them

Arrange the actions according to the order in which the goods are returned:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 verify if the return date has not expired
• 2 create a request to return a product
• 3 specify the reason for the return
• 4 attach an image of the product to the request
• 5 enter your bank card details

Arrange the following acts chronologically:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 Product Liability Directive
• 2 Unfair Commercial Practices Directive
• 3 Consumer Rights Directive
• 4 Revised Payment Services Directive

Arrange the needs according to Dr. Abraham Maslow starting with the highest ones:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 self-actualization
• 2 ego
• 3 social
• 4 security
• 5 physical

Arrange the sources of law according to their importance (start with the most important one):

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 Constitution
• 2 Statutes
• 3 Government Regulations
• 4 Ministerial regulations
• 5 Ordinances

Both terminal and … values affect people’s personal as well as professional lives alike

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Civil claims are dealt with by … law

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• criminal
• constitutional
• tort

Consumer protection in the American legislation is implemented through …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• consumer codes
• administrative codes
• a system of rules and case law

Consumers face high cost and time barriers to taking action against a business, resulting in low usage of consumer …

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Correlate the branch of law with regulated legal relationship:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. Administrative law
• B. Criminal law
• C. Constitutional law
• D. Municipal law
• E. corruption
• F. burglary
• G. rights
• H. education policies

Correlate the branch of law with regulated legal relationship:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. Contract law
• B. Property law
• C. Tort law
• D. Family law
• E. breach of agreement
• F. leasehold
• G. negligence
• H. divorce

Criminal law prosecutes activities which are …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• good
• bad
• unfair
• illegal

Establish the sequence of actions to make a return request:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 verify if the return date has not expired
• 2 create a request to return a product
• 3 specify the reason for the return
• 4 attach an image of the product to the request
• 5 enter your bank card details

Hammurabi’s Code contains …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• laws of nature
• the list of judges
• fundamental legal concepts

Historically, under the common law doctrine of caveat emptor, … had very little protection from misleading sales, requiring consumers to inspect all transactions themselves

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• retailers
• sellers
• consumers

If a product fails to comply with its description or the regulations regarding production or labelling, it is considered to be ‘…’ for the purposes of this provision, thus subjecting the defendant to liability

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

If you buy something online and it is … or not as advertised or not fit for purpose you will have exactly the same rights as if you bought it in a shop.

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• poor
• faulty
• gloomy

In Russia rather than having a single product liability …, the relevant rules are scattered among various laws

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

It is not correct that … are a capacity

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• rights
• powers
• immunities
• services

It is not correct that … belong to instrumental values

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• true friendship values (close companionship)
• broad-minded values (open-minded)
• logical values (consistent, rational)
• courageous values (standing up for your beliefs)

It is not correct that legal doctrine is also recognized as a … of law

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• rule
• source
• norm

Judy owns a clothing retail store. One of her customers returns a T-shirt because it doesn’t fit her. Does Judy have to give her customer a different size or a refund?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• No, she doesn’t. Retailers aren’t responsible if a customer has a change of mind or circumstances. Judy may think of more flexible exchange policies to foster better customer relationships
• Yes, she does. Retailers are totally responsible if a customer has a change of mind or circumstances
• Yes, she does. Retailers are responsible if a customer has a change of mind or circumstances. Judi must order a new T-shirt that may fit the customer

Laws are binding for the members of the society because …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• they are made by people
• they are always easy to obey
• they protect people’s rights and fundamental freedoms

Mary had therapy sessions. She found out that the psychologist sent copies of her case notes to the insurance carrier responsible for reimbursement and that therapist should not have revealed this information. Client reported psychologist to the APA Ethics Committee for violating confidentiality principles. Psychologist explained to Ethics Committee that any client understands that their confidentiality may be breached when using an insurance company for third-party reimbursement due to administrative and professional peer review. Nonetheless, psychologist never informed client of this risk before therapy began, rather, he assumed client “must understand” the protocol. Think of the Ethics Committee adjudication.

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• The Ethics Committee determined that psychologist didn’t violate the confidentiality ethical standard by not informing client of the limits of confidentiality prior to treatment
• The Ethics Committee determined that psychologist violated the confidentiality ethical standard by not informing client of the limits of confidentiality prior to treatment
• The Ethics Committee determined that psychologist didn’t violate the confidentiality ethical standard as there is non-confidentiality prior to treatment

Match the given countries to the corresponding law systems:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. Italy
• B. England
• C. Nigeria
• D. Civil Law
• E. Religious Law
• F. Customary Law

Match the given expressions with the definitions:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. Morality
• B. Value
• C. Liability
• D. Ethics
• E. principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behaviour
• F. the estimated or appraised worth of any object or property, calculated in money
• G. a comprehensive legal term that describes the condition of being actually or potentially subject to a legal obligation
• H. the process of questioning, discovering and defending values, principles and purpose

Match the words with the synonyms:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. Protection
• B. Trade
• C. Union
• D. Economy
• E. Advertisement
• F. safeguarding
• G. commerce
• H. assosiation
• I. wealth
• J. commercial

Match the words with their synonyms:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. Consumer
• B. Purchase
• C. Product
• D. Manufacturer
• E. Importer
• F. purchaser
• G. acquisition
• H. merchandise
• I. producer
• J. foreign buyer

Match the words with their synonyms:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. Refund
• B. Defects assessment
• C. Liquidation
• D. Storage
• E. Carriage
• F. repayment
• G. test
• H. removal
• I. repository
• J. transportation

Mercantile Law is …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• a system of law concerned with the punishment of offenders
• a system of law concerned with private relations between members of a community
• an assemblage of customs and practices governing a broad range of business practices

Products must be recalled when …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• there are some cases resulting in the bad products
• there is an official prescription from the local authorities
• a manufacturer becomes aware of any risks of its products to the life of a consumer

Put the steps of the consumer decision making process in the appropriate order:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 problem recognition
• 2 search process
• 3 evaluating alternatives
• 4 selection stage
• 5 evaluation of decision

Rachel buys a commercial welding machine for her building business. A few weeks later, it breaks down. Can Rachel get a remedy from the store he bought it from?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• No, she can’t. The Consumer Guarantees Act only applies to products and services that are usually for household or personal use
• No, she can’t. The period for return / refund is 1 week
• Yes, she can. The Consumer Guarantees Act applies to all products and services

Rospotrebnadzor inspects products (works, services) as being in conformity with obligatory … ensuring safety towards consumers and environment as well as preventing harm and damages thereto

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• facts
• causation
• requirements

Susan buys a cup of coffee and accidentally spills it at Kate’s bar. What must Kate do to fix the problem?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Replace the drink as businesses are responsible for problems or faults caused by a customer after purchase
• Provide a discount for one more drink. Businesses are partially responsible for problems or faults caused by a customer after purchase
• Nothing. Businesses aren’t responsible for problems or faults caused by a customer after purchase

Susan is an Asian-American. She wanted to continue her studies at a local public college but her application was rejected. Susan has grounds to suppose that it was because of her ethnic origin. She filed suit against the college. What law is applied in such a case?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• It is Constitutional law because it the constitutional rights were violated
• It is International law because Susan is an Asian-American
• It is Constitutional law as it can be applied to any cases

The … Code and the Consumer Protection Law contain a number of provisions by which manufacturers may incur liability for loss or damage suffered by the consumers of their products

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

The … considered the Twelve Tables, the first codification of Roman law, to be among their greatest achievements

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Greeks
• Romans
• Egyptians

The … is an individual who has the intention of ordering or acquiring goods (works, services) or who orders, acquires or uses them exclusively for personal, family, household and other needs not relating to the pursuance of entrepreneurial activities

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

The agency responsible for inspecting complaints of scams and fraud against businesses is …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Federal government
• Federal Trade Commission
• State local Agency

The aim of the … is to share information about cross-border commercial activities that may affect consumer interests, and to encourage international cooperation among law enforcement agencies

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

The Consumer Code in Italy came into force on 23 October 2005 and has been a … body of law for the protection of consumer rights

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• legal
• ruling
• binding
• fundamental

The distinction between Public and Private Law is a purely academic debate, nevertheless, it also affects legal practice. There are areas of law, which may not fit into distinction of Public or Private Law. Study the following case: An employment inspector investigates workplace safety, checking all the equipment. The inspector investigates workplace incidents, and conducts workplace inspections to evaluate compliance. Decide whether it falls into the category of Public or Private law.

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• It falls in the category of Private law as considers the interests of the individuals
• It falls in the category of Public law as considers the interests of the society
• It falls in the category of Public and Private law as considers the interest of the society and the individuals

The elements to ensure legal capacities and liabilities include …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• law enforcement
• rules of legal procedure
• moral rules

The ethical norms, values, and principles that guide a profession and the ethics of decisions made within the profession are called … ethics

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

The Federal Trade … works with foreign competition and consumer protection authority, and cooperates with foreign authorities on enforcement and policy matters through formal and informal agreements

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

The forms of laws are …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• acts, rules of morality
• statutes, personal habits
• state constitutions, treaties, tickets
• local laws, statutes, executive orders

The idea of written laws goes back to ancient … culture that prospered long before the Bible was written or the civilizations of the Greeks or Romans flowered

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

The law operates in the … environment

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• social
• political
• geographical

The main spheres of law are …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• public and private law
• original and legal law
• modern law and archaic law

The manufacturer (but not the seller) must compensate the … against losses suffered as a result of the product’s recall

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

The principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behaviour are …

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

The product can be recalled from the market and from consumers by …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• manufacturer
• client
• buyer

The Regulation on Consumer Protection Cooperation (CPC) is applicable in the … Economic Area

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

There are various fields of law. The types of law students choose to pursue often determine the firms they can apply to once they graduate. Here’s a case that can be attributed to one field of law: a golf player known for his speed and elusiveness murdered his wife. Is it public law or private law? What is the area of law? Who will initiate the case?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• This is public law as it governs relations between legal persons and the government. The area of law is Criminal law as the case is the murder. In such a case it will be a prosecutor who will initiate the case. A prosecutor is the government attorney who charges and tries cases against individuals accused of crimes
• This is private law as it governs relations between law governs the horizontal relationships among private parties. The area of law is Criminal law as the case is the murder. In such a case it will be a prosecutor who will initiate the case. A prosecutor is the government attorney who charges and tries cases against individuals accused of crimes
• This is public law as it governs relations between legal persons and a government. The area of law is Constitutional law as the case is the murder. In such a case it will be a prosecutor who will initiate the case. A prosecutor is the government attorney who charges and tries cases against individuals accused of crimes

You are a lawyer. In Liza’s electronics shop in the Russia Federation Ivan buys an expensive TV-set. Three weeks after the 12-month manufacturer’s warranty expires, the TV-set stops working. Must Liza give Ivan a remedy?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Yes, she must. Although the warranty has expired, a customer can expect an expensive product to last a reasonable amount of time before any faults or problems appear
• No, she doesn’t have to. The warranty has expired, a customer can’t expect any remedies
• It depends on the defect. Ivan is entitled to a free TV-set examination