Тест по английскому//РГУ им. А.Н. Косыгина (Решение → 49153)

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I. READING

Read the text, translate it to yourself. Choose the proper answers to the statements given below. (Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Выберите правильный ответ из предложенных в задании после текста.)

OUTSOURCING

In recent years, the Russian language has been actively “enriched” with new words borrowed from foreign cultures. This is especially evident in areas such as management, trade and marketing. Outsourcing and outstaffing literally 7-10 years ago were not even familiar to experienced managers, but now these areas are considered incredibly promising for business. Outsourcing is the involvement of external performers to perform some of the company's business processes. In other words, this is the transfer of tasks (most often non-core) to the contractor. No matter what industry you are in, there is always more work than time to do it. This means that there is always something lacking, always more work to be done, and new companies often fall behind their expectations and deadlines. There are plenty of tasks, and not everyone works for every type of entrepreneur. Hence, many business owners are turning to outsourcing. Moreover, for modern business, keeping a large staff of employees is an unprofitable and ineffective solution. It is more rational to outsource some of the tasks to another organization. Every entrepreneur should know what it is. Outsourcing or an outsourcing company, which means the concept in simple words and having studied examples of such a variant of forming a workflow, decide whether it is necessary for his activities. The full name "outer-source-using", which in translation means the attraction of resources from the outside, describes the definition in more detail. In other words, this is the involvement of outside specialists in the work of the company to carry out any non-core functions. Thus, an outsourcer is not part of the staff under any circumstances. He has a flexible work schedule, there is no workplace, and payment is made upon the fact. Outsourcing emerged in the 1950s, but it wasn't until the 1980s that it began to be perceived as an attractive business strategy. The growth of outsourcing in the 1980s was largely driven by the “focus on core competency” strategy that was developed in the 1970s. Computer companies were the first ones to start outsourcing their payroll services. By the time the 1980s rolled around, other services, including billing, accounting, and word processing started to be outsourced more often by businesses looking to keep costs manageable.

Differences from other forms of cooperation

The outsourcing agreement is valid for a long period of time.

Contractors are given to perform only minor operations (website development, advertising, cleaning of premises, etc.).

It also implies the transfer to the side of business events (recruitment, maintenance, work with accounting, etc.).

What are they used for?

Let's consider the main options when it is appropriate to use outsourcing:

1. A small company does not have enough funds to fully maintain and pay all employees, or their services are not needed constantly, but once in a certain period. In both cases, it is much more profitable to hire an out-side organization that will do one-time or recurring work for small money.

2. If a large company has many non-core divisions that are not profitable, but are involved in servicing, this has a bad effect on overall reporting.

3. If a firm is not able to allocate enough funds for non-core activities, it is not able to compete in the employment market, so finding employees often becomes a problem.

4. The office needs to cut staff or payroll costs. It also happens that the accounting department needs to report or reach the planned level of the average staff salary. This is helped by the outsourcing of low-paid categories, for example, cleaning, canteen, transport.

Outsourcing functions

Typically, enterprises outsource the following tasks to outsourcing companies:

accounting;

selection and attraction of personnel;

payroll calculation;

transactions with taxation;

maintenance of machinery and equipment;

ensuring the functioning of the office;

software development;

transfers;

security measures;

design;

advertising creation;

logistics;

cleaning of premises;

transport processes.

What Makes Outsourcing So Popular? Reasons for outsourcing mainly include lowering a company's costs, reducing the investments of an enterprise in capital expenditures, reducing the need for in-house staff training, and generally improving the utilization of a company's resources. As a form of economic activity, outsourcing has intensified, in recent times, because of the growth of fast modes of communication, particularly the growth of Information Technology.

TASK

Choose the proper answers to the given statements (Выберите правильный ответ из предложенных в задании)

1) It is more profitable for business today to hire an outside organization which can perform one-time or periodic work if the company owner Ответ

doesn’t want to demonstrate company’s real income

doesn’t want to keep a large staff of employees

doesn’t want to involve the outside specialists to carry out some non-core functions

Верно

Баллов: 1,00 из 1,00

.2) An outsourcer is not part of the staff under any circumstances. An outsourcer has Ответ

his workplace and a flexible work schedule

a permanent job and payment is made upon the fact

no workplace, his payment is made upon the fact, a flexible work schedule

.3) More often enterprises outsource the following tasks to outsourcing companies: Ответ

cleaning of premises, maintenance of machinery and equipment, advertising creation

advertising creation, the product promotion on the foreign market, taxes supervision

accounting, logistics, hardware development

.4) The main goal of the transfer of functions to subcontractors is Ответ

to demonstrate company’s real tasks

the release of resources and the concentration of all the efforts of the enterprise on competitive advantages

to involve the outside specialists as it is more efficient

.5) Outsourcing is Ответ

the business practice of hiring employees outside a company to perform services or create goods that were traditionally performed by the company's own employees and staff

the business practice of hiring employees from the foreign market to avoid taxes supervision

the business practice of hiring cheap labour force

.6) Outsourcing is a practice usually undertaken by companies as a Ответ

covering a larger market

enhancing professional capacities

cost-cutting measure

.7) It is appropriate to use outsourcing when Ответ

companies do not want to hire professionals

small companies do not have enough money for hiring professionals

small companies do not know the market properly

.8) Companies use outsourcing Ответ

to cut labour costs, including salaries for their personnel, overhead, equipment, and technology

to cut labour costs as they don’t pay full salaries

to be more active on the market

.9) Outsourcing started first by Ответ

accounting departments

gas and oil companies

computer companies

.10) Outsourcing is popular because Ответ

of the growth of fast modes of communication, particularly the growth of Information Technology

of the growth of the companies

of the growth of the world’s economy

.II. GRAMMAR

CHOOSE THE CORRECT VARIANT (выберите правильный ответ)

1. Some of the students neverОтвет

speak ;

had spoken;

spoken

English before they came here in the fall.2. I wish I Ответ

wouldn’t come;

hadn’t come;

didn’t come

here last year.3. It is essential that you Ответ

are;

will be;

be

here tomorrow.4. Had I known Dan wouldn’t be here, I Ответ

don’t come;

would not have come;

didn’t come

.5. My passport Ответ

stump;

was stumped;

had been stumped

at the airport when I arrived.6. My seventy-year-old grandfather, who owns his own business, probably Ответ

will continue;

continues;

continue

to work as long as heОтвет

lived;

live;

lives

.7. I arrived here in early autumn. By September 2021, I Ответ

will have been;

was;

am

here for ten years.8. Before Ответ

go;

will go;

going

to bed, I have to finish my homework.9. Ответ

Hear;

Having heard;

Heard

that story many times before, I got bored when Jim began to tell it again.10. Do you know that man Ответ

sitting;

siting;

sits

in the brown leather chair?11. Many of the goods that Ответ

produced;

are produced;

had been produced

since the beginning of the twentieth century are totally machine-made.12. The instructor said that she Ответ

will give;

would be given;

give

an exam next Friday.13. I Ответ

know;

knew;

have known

Beth for six years. When I met her, she was working in a law office.14. If you Ответ

are;

were;

had been

here yesterday, youОтвет

meet;

met;

would have met

_______ my father and mother.15. This evening the surface of the lake is completely still. It looks as if it Ответ

makes;

is made;

was made

__________ of glass.16. I don’t know why the food service has to be slow. We Ответ

have been standing;

are standing;

stand

_______ here in the cafeteria line for over half an hour and thereОтвет

were;

are;

be

_________ still a lot of people in front of us.17. Sue says she can’t come on the picnic with us. I wish she Ответ

changes;

would change;

will change

________ her mind andОтвет

decides;

decide;

decided

_________ to come with us.18. My dog turned her head toward me and looked at me quizzically, almost as if she Ответ

understand;

was understood;

understood

______ what I said.19. Ответ

Being;

Be;

Is

________ an excellent researcher, Dr. BarnesОтвет

was respected:

is respected;

respect

________ by the entire faculty.20. Without the sun, life, as we know, Ответ

exists;

don’t exist;

doesn’t exist

_________ .21. Since Ответ

come;

coming;

having come

__________ to the United States six months ago, Paul learned a lot of English.22. Mrs. McKay Ответ

gives;

had given;

gave

________ already birth to the child by the time her husband arrived at the hospital.23. I recommended Ответ

applying;

to apply;

apply

__________ to at least three universities.24. Thank you for your help. I Ответ

am not be able;

would never be able;

will never be able

___________ to finish this work without it.25. Peggy told me she Ответ

would be;

will be;

be

__________ here at six tomorrow.26. Ответ

Sit;

Sitting;

Was sitting

________ on a park bench and watching the brightly coloured leaves fall gently to the ground, he felt at peace with the world.27. Why didn’t you tell me about this before? I certainly wish I Ответ

be informed;

would have been informed;

was informed

______ earlier.28. The large dormitory Ответ

was destroyed;

had been destroyed; destroyed

_________ completely by fire last week. Since all of the students went home for the holidays, there was no loss of life.29. James blushed when his friend Ответ

asked;

ask;

was asked

_______ him an embarrass question.30. Anna is grown up now. You shouldn’t speak to her as if sheОтвет

were;

are -;

is

_______ a child.31. I asked all of the people who Ответ

invite;

were invited;

was invited

_________ to the party about the accident.32. When the puzzled student could not figure out the answer to the puzzled problem, she demanded Ответ

give;

to give;

giving

________ her the correct answer, but I insisted that she could figure it out for herself.33. Ever since I can remember, mathematics Ответ

will be;

is;

has been

_______ my favourite subject.34. The people who are busy to solve the problems of urban poverty are hopeful that many of these problemsОтвет

will are solving;

will have been solved;

are solved

_________ within the next ten years.35. It’s a funny story. I’ll tell you the details when I Ответ

call;

will call;

are calling

_______ you tomorrow.36. Next week, when I Ответ

will finish;

finish;

finished

_________ my final exams, I’ll get also one of the best experiences I have ever learned in my lifetime.37. When I first Ответ

arrive;

arrived;

had arrived

________, IОтвет

knew;

know;

knows

________ no one and IОтвет

needed;

need;

will need

_______ all my fingersОтвет

communicate;

to communicate;

communicated

__________ when I was trying to say something in English.38. This math problem looks Ответ

easy;

easyly;

easily

. I’m sure I can do it easily.39. The room got Ответ

quietely;

quiet;

quietly

when the professor entered. The students sat quietly at their desks.40. This is Ответ

mine;

my;

an

umbrella. Yours is over there.41. I have a pet. Ответ

Its’;

Its;

It’s

name is Squeak.Ответ

Its;

It’s;

Its’

a turtle. It has been my pet for two years.42. Her advisor recommended Ответ

to take;

taking;

take

________ five courses.43. He insisted that the new baby Ответ

would be named;

being named;

is named

______ after his grandfather.44. The students requested that the test should Ответ

have been postponed;

be postponed;

postpone

________, but the instructor decided against a postponement.45. The movie director insisted that everything about his productions Ответ

was to be;

is to be;

is

______ authentic.46. It is vital that no one else Ответ

knew;

knows;

has knew

_______ about the secret government operation.47. It is essential that no one Ответ

admit;

is admitted;

admit

________ to the room without proper identification.48. I was tongue-tied. I didn’t know what Ответ

say;

to say;

said

_______ .49. I don’t mind of Ответ

I;

being;

be

alone.50. If you Ответ

surfed;

had surfed;

surf

________ the Internet yesterday, youОтвет

find;

would have found;

found

________ a lot of information about the Loch Ness monster and was ready to answer now.51. She wishes she Ответ

doesn’t drive;

had not been driving;

didn’t drive

so fast that day.52. If Ответ

a;

the;

-

guest has to leaveОтвет

the;

a;

-

table duringОтвет

a;

the;

-

meal, he always asks his hostess, “Will you please excuse me forОтвет

the;

a;

-

minute”.53. France covers Ответ

a;

the;

an

area of 551000 sq kms.54. Ответ

the;

a;

-

Penguins live in the South Pole.55. Ronald Reagan Ответ

had been;

was;

has been

president for 8 years before heОтвет

retired;

had retired;

has retired

.56. The British people think, if you Ответ

were depressed;

are depressed;

have been depressed

, teaОтвет

cheers;

will cheer;

cheer

you up.57. If all the seas Ответ

is;

were;

would be

one sea, what a great sea itОтвет

will be;

were;

would be

.58. I have never heard him Ответ

speaking;

being speaking;

spoken

French.59. In 1834 the Houses of Parliament with the exception of Westminster Hall Ответ

were destroyed;

destroyed;

was being destroyed

by fire, theyОтвет

will be rebuilt;

were rebuilt;

was rebuilt

later.60. I’m thinking of Ответ

go;

to go;

going

to Brazil or Argentina.

61. A new road Ответ

is planning;

is being planned;

is planned

next week by the Government near my house.62. A huge bridge across the river Ответ

will be build;

will be built;

will have been building

next year by the workers.63. Guernica Ответ

was been painted;

was being painted;

was painted

by Picasso at the time when his friend came in.64. The office Ответ

was cleaned;

was being cleaned;

had been cleaned

by the cleaner by the time the employees came in.65. Three books Ответ

were written;

were being written;

had been written

in 1867 by this author when he lived in London.66. The deal Ответ

will be signed;

will being sign;

will have been signed

by this time tomorrow.67. Portuguese Ответ

is spoken;

will be spoken;

is speak

in Brazil.68. Johnny Depp as an actor Ответ

is love;

will be loved;

is loved

by the majority nowadays.69. My wallet Ответ

must have been stolen;

must be stolen;

must steal

by somebody as I can’t find it.70. The computer Ответ

is repaired;

will be repair;

will be repaired

tomorrow by our students.