Організація рослинництва і перспективи його розвитку у ВП НАУ Великоснітинське НДГ ім. О. В. Музиченка

    КАБІНЕТ МІНІСТРІВ УКРАЇНИ

    НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ  УНІВЕРСИТЕТ БІОРЕСУРСІВ І ПРИРОДОКОРИСТУВАННЯ  УКРАЇНИ 

    Кафедра організації агробізнесу 
 
 

    КУРСОВА РОБОТА

    НА  ТЕМУ:

    «Організація рослинництва і перспективи його розвитку у ВП НАУ Великоснітинське НДГ ім. О. В. Музиченка» 
 
 

    Виконала:

    студентка 4 курсу, 4 групи

    економічного  факультету

    відділення  «Облік і аудит»

    Перевірив: 
 
 
 

    КИЇВ  – 2010

   PLAN 

   Introduction

   Chapter 1. Organization and modern state of plant-growing development. 

   1.1. Natural and economic terms of the enterprise                                      4

   1.2. Specialization of the enterprise                                                            5

   1.3. Organization of plant-growing                                                             7

   1.4. Economic efficiency of plant-grower goods production                      11 

   Chapter 2. Planning of plant-production development. 

   2.1. A ground of the productive program of the plant-growing

         2.1.1. Planning of the use of the lands                                                      13

         2.1.2. Planning of the productivity of agricultural cultures                     15

         2.1.3. Planning the size of sowing areas, production of goods and it’s distribution                                                                                                       19

   2.2. Planning of capital goods                                                                       25

   2.3. Planning of labour resources                                                                 28

   2.4. Planning of prime price and realization of plant-grower products        29 

   Chapter 3. Prospects of plant-production development.                             33 

   Conclusions and suggestions                                                                         36

   List of the used literature                                                                              42

   Introduction

   On all stages of development of agriculture one of basic directions there is a production of goods of plant-grower, and ground of measures in relation to his stabilizing and increase of efficiency – the national task.

   Actuality of agricultural production efficiency problem, particular, in the plant-production, at modern terms goes out into the first place among other important problems. A decision and realization of problem are forming of the real welfare of population of country, increase of its food safety.

   A production of plant-grower goods is the permanent task of all managing subjects of agrarian sector and it is sent to form the food market. Efficiency of development of plant-grower is formed under the act of many factors, in particular ground-climatic, technological, biological etc, that complicates the search of additional possibilities for its increase.

   Although to research of problems of increase of efficiency of production of plant-grower goods in agricultural enterprises in the conditions of market transformations many scientific works are devoted, however these questions in future remain studied not enough within the limits of separate regions rural territories specialization of which embraces the production of agricultural goods. In most works of scientists, economic efficiency of agricultural production comes forward as an object of research, and efficiency of production is in separate industries, in thereby in a plant-grower, studied in a general context. It predetermines the necessity of study of the outlined problem, confirms actuality of theme and its pertaining to national economy.

   This paper-course is made on materials of VP NAU Velukosnitunske NDG of O. V. Muzuchenko, that is to the address: 08540, Lenin st., 101, v. V. Snitunka, Fastiv district, the Kyiv region.

  Chapter 1. Organization and modern state of plant-growing development. 

   1.1. Natural and economic terms of the enterprise

   Every enterprise is characterized by the specialization, size, management structure, presence of industries and subindustries, by a productive type and other.

    This research has for an object to consider productive activity of VP NAU Velukosnitunske NDG of O. V. Muzuchenko, that is in the v. V. Snitunka of the Fastiv district, Kyiv region.

   The lands of the enterprise are located in two settlements: v. V. Snitunka and v. Gvardiiske. Distance to the district center Fastiv is 12 kim, distance to the regional center Kyiv is a 70 km.

   A legal form is a state agricultural enterprise which is created in 1972 on the base of state farm ''Velukosnitunske", as the educational-research enterprise.

   Basic direction of enterprise's activity is:

     - making the conditions for realization of educational and productive practice of students on the type of selected specialty and increase of specialists qualification in accordance with programs of the National university of life and environmental sciences of Ukraine on the basis of exemplary menage;

     - realization of high-efficient activity which allows to function on self-finance of all reproductive process.

   Climate of district, where the enterprise is situated - mildly-continental. The winter is soft, and summer isn’t hot. Middle temperature for a year - +8С, the most cold month is January, most warm, - July, the sum of annual precipitations is 550-650 mm. The lands of the enterprise are flat, behave to the transitional area of Forest-steppe and Polissya.

   Thus, the climate conditions of the enterprise are friendly for agricultural cultures growing.

   For the conduct of economic activity in VP NAU Velukosnitunske NDG of O. V. Muzuchenko are available 2960 hectares of lands, including: plough-land – 2605 hectares, haymaking’s – 161 hectares, pastures – 21 hectares.

   A stock-raising on January, 1, 2008 is presented by such structure and population : cows – 720 heads, not mature cows – 195 heads, sapling – 912 heads, pigs - 660 heads, sheep – 50 heads.

   A tractor park consists of: tractors: Т-150 - 3, МТЗ-82 - 4, Т-25 - 1, МТЗ-80 – 10; agricultural machines: combine harvesters - 5 , throwings of of fertilizers - 2, sivalku - 7, opruskyvachi - 1, ploughs - 1, lushchuknuk - 1, prespidburachi - 2, harrows - 67, kormorozdatchuku - 2, cultivators - 4, kormozburalni combines - 2.

   VP NAU Velukosnitunske NDG of O. V. Muzuchenko has 2445 hectares of sowing area, from which: 44,2 % occupy grain-crops, 7,8 % industrial crops,  and 47,5% green crops which is a necessary pre-condition of stock-raising development.

   The enterprise buys the mineral fertilizers and facilities of plants defence in joint-stock company "Trance Oil" in obedience to a tender agreement from NAU № 1/7 from 1.07.2007. Oil-fuel materials will be bought in LTD "Artania", suggestion of which accepts on procedure of purchase of commodities for state facilities in accordance with Law of Ukraine "On the purchase of commodities of works and services for state facilities", conducted on January, 28, 2008 by the National agrarian university. 

   1.2. Specialization of the enterprise

   For determination of specialization of the investigated enterprise, let's analyze the structure of cash receipts from realization of agricultural production (table 1).

   Analyzing the structure of cash receipts from realization of agricultural production, it is possible to make a conclusion, that VP NAU Velukosnitunske NDG of O. V. Muzuchenko belongs to the specialized enterprises. 
 

   Table 1

   The structure of cash receipts from realization of production

    Main industries of the enterprise in 2007 were making of milk (specific gravity in the structure of cash receipts presented 61,4%), and growing of winter wheat (13,9%). And in 2009 year specialization of economy some changed: though specific gravity of cash receipts from realization of winter wheat grew on 4,5%, however it's place occupied growing of cattle with mass part of 19,4% (that almost twice as much as in 2007р.).

     Thus, productive direction in VP NAU Velukosnitunske NDG of O. V. Muzuchenko in 2007 is possible to describe as milk with the developed growing of wheat, and in 2009 – milk with the developed cattle breeding and growing of winter wheat. 

     1.3. Organization of plant-growing

     The production of agricultural goods the investigated enterprise carries out on own lands. For the estimation of land resources presence in the enterprise, let's define the structure of the lands.

     Under the structure of the lands we understand specific gravity of every type of lands in the general landed area.

     A structure of the landed areas of the investigated enterprise for analyzable period (2007, 2008 and 2009) is brought in a table 2.

     Table 2

     Agricultural lands and its structure in VP NAU Velukosnitunske NDG of O. V. Muzuchenko

     Conclusions. The analysis of this table enables to see that specific gravity of agricultural lands quite not changed during 2007-2009.

     In a table 3 there are shown the data land-presence of VP NAU Velukosnitunske NDG of O. V. Muzuchenko in a dynamics for 3 years.

     Conclusions. In 2009 the land-presence grew. In 2009 on a 1 worker is 15,3 ha of lands, that on 1,7 ha more than in 2007. Changes took place in connection with diminishing of average annual quantity of workers on 24 persons. 
 

     Table 3

     The land-presence in VP NAU Velukosnitunske NDG of O. V. Muzuchenko

     The crisis phenomena which overcame the economy of country especially brightly showed up in plant-grower industry and, in particular, in forming of market of grain.

     At the market of grain one of key problems are instability and unforeseeableness of positions, which is predetermined by the considerable vibrations of gross collections of grain. In the last years through the low level of logistical support of agricultural commodity producers were unable to offer resistance to the whims of nature, as a result of what the rejection in the levels of production of grain between minimum and maximal its values were 2,5 times.

     The last years difficult financial situation in most enterprises (including NDG Velukosnitunske) through subzero realization prices of grain and sharp rising in price of material resources, traditional indecision of questions of crediting does not enable to provide technology of till of grain-crops fertilizers to a full degree with the fuel and pesticides. [10]

     For the estimation of functioning of economy for investigated period, we’ll analyze the dynamics of sowing areas, productivity and gross collections of basic types of products of plant-grower (table 4).

     Analyzing the dynamics of production of basic cultures - winter wheat and barley - it is possible to see that its gross production some hesitated. Comparatively with the 2007 sowing areas diminished on 100 ha by each of culture that is explained by the decision of enterprise to grow a corn, which in my opinion is expedient so as the high productivity was attained. In relation to a winter wheat, its productivity in 2008 grew considerably, however in 2009 again returned to the level of 2007. The productivity of barley was growing intensively during all three years.

     Table 4

     Dynamics of gross collections, productivity and area of basic agricultural cultures in VP NAU Velukosnitunske NDG of O. V. Muzuchenko

     Let’s consider as certain factors influence on the changes of mass of income at the production of winter wheat and barley in the table 5.

     Table 5

     Dynamics of change of realization of products and profit yield

     Conclusion. Realization of winter wheat increased on 56,7 %, and barley - diminished on 74,7 %, a profit yield from realization changed in the same directions (on 37 % and 80 % accordingly).

     In the process of production of goods, agricultural enterprises use capital and circulating assets.

     Such capital goods which participate in the process of production of goods repeatedly and carry the cost on the created product by the parts behave to the capital productive assets.

     By indexes, which characterize economic efficiency of the use of funds there are fund returning, fund capacity and norm of income.

     Fund capacity – is a cost of gross products calculating on unit of capital productive assets.

     Fund returning – is a cost of capital productive assets of the agricultural setting calculating on a 1 hrn. of cost of gross products.

     The material well-being of the enterprise and efficiency of the capital productive assets usage in a dynamics for 3 years are shown in a table 6. [1]

     Table 6

     Capital productive assets and its usage in VP NAU Velukosnitunske NDG of O. V. Muzuchenko

     For investigated period of time, the average annual cost of capital assets of the enterprise increased on a 6136 thousand hrn. and it explains the increase of their cost on 1 hectare of agricultural lands. As for the part on a 1 average annual worker, then such wide difference (in a 40,6 thousand hrn.) between 2009 and in 2007 can be explained also by the reduction of quantity of employees. Due to the disproportionate diminishing to the cost of gross products and change of cost of capital productive assets economic indicators of efficiency of the use of capital productive assets were following: fund returning went down in a dynamics from 2007 year for 2009 on 0,1 grn., and fund capacity increased on 0,1 grn.

     The organization and payment of labour of enterprise are shown in a table 7.

   Thus the quantity of employees reduced in plant-production on the 11 % and in stock-raising on the 77 %, but the payment of labour and labour productivity increased on 25% and 6% accordingly.

   Money estimation of labour resources:

   Г_тр = 884 · 12 · 20 · 193 = 40946880 grn. 

     Table 7

     The payment of labour

   1.4. Економічна ефективність продукції рослинництва

   В ефективності виробництва відображається вплив комплексу взаємопов’язаних факторів, які формують її рівень і  визначають тенденції розвитку. Економічна ефективність показує кінцевий корисний  результат від застосування всіх виробничих ресурсів й визначається порівнянням одержаних результатів і витрат виробничих ресурсів. У сільському господарстві – це одержання максимального обсягу продукції з 1 га землі з найменшими витратами засобів і праці. [12]

   Для оцінки економічної ефективності сільськогосподарського виробництва в цілому по підприємстві використовують цілу систему показників. Проведемо їх розрахунок і занесемо в таблицю 7.1.

   Отже, дані таблиці показують, що виробництво  культур, які у структурі грошових надходжень займають найбільші частки значно коливалися. Рентабельність виробництва озимої пшениці зменшилась майже у 4 рази порівняно з 2007 р., а вирощування ячменю навпаки стало прибутковішим на 20 % (з 17,4 до 20,8 грн. на 1 ц). Варто зазначити, що 2008 р взагалі був збитковим по відношенню до обох культур. 
 
 
 

   Таблиця 7.1

   Економічна  ефективність виробництва  продукції рослинництва у ВП НАУ Великоснітинське НДГ ім. О. В. Музиченка

   Chapter 2. Planning of plant-production development. 

   2.1. A ground of the productive program of the plant-growing

   Planning in agricultural enterprises leans against the system of objective economic laws of market economy. Through planning agricultural enterprises determine rates and proportions of production development which must provide the greatest indexes of its economic efficiency.

     Planning of agricultural production is scientifically reasonable establishment of levels of economic and social development of agricultural enterprises for a concrete planned period through the system of high-quality and quantitative indexes and determination of complex of measures in relation to achievement of the set levels of development. At planning it is necessary to set the optimal proportions of the extended recreation in agricultural enterprises and foresee the high-efficiency use of resource potential of enterprises. Planning of production in agricultural enterprises must be based on data of scientific forecasts.  [9] 

     2.1.1. Planning of the use of the lands

     In the lands usage plan we show actual composition of them on the first November of financial year, planned year and the use in a planned year. At the same time foresee the measures of improvement of earth : irrigation, drainage, reconstruction of irrigation network, liming of sour soils, gypsuming and others like that (table 8). [5]

     Як  бачимо, у 2009 році у ВП НАУ Великоснітинське НДГ ім. Музиченка відбулися деякі  зрушення у земельному фонді, зокрема  зменшилася кількість ріллі. А основна  частина земель була виділена під  заліснення та пасовища. 
 
 
 

     Table 8

     The balance of the lands and their usage